Question

The displacement of a particle from a reference point at any instant is given by s = 3 t 2 - 4 t + 5 , where s is in metres and t is time in seconds. calculate the average velocity of the particle in the time interval between 3 s and 5 s, and its instantaneous velocity at 4 s.

Answer 1

The average velocity of the particle in the time interval between 3s and 5s is 20 ms⁻¹ and its instantaneous velocity at 4s is 20 ms⁻¹.

How to determine average velocity and instantaneous velocity?
Average velocity is defined as the body's overall displacement divided by its time of motion. While instantaneous velocity is defined as a body's speed at a certain instant in time, or its displacement at that instant. When the velocity is constant, average and instantaneous velocities will equalize at just one condition.
The definition of instantaneous velocity is the rate of change of position over a relatively brief time period (almost zero). Simply said, the speed of an object at that precise moment. The definition of instantaneous velocity is "The velocity of an item in motion at a certain point in time." The instantaneous velocity of an object may be equal to its standard velocity if it has uniform velocity.
Mathematically, average velocity = [s(t₂) - s(t₁)]/[t₂ - t₁]
Instantaneous velocity at time, t is = (ds/dt) at time = t

Given, the displacement for the particle is given by s = 3t² - 4t + 5
Time interval, t₁ = 5s and t₂ = 3s;
Using formula in literature, average velocity of the particle in the time interval between 3s and 5s is:
Average velocity = (s(5) - s(3))/(5 - 3) = (60 - 20)/2 = 20 ms⁻¹
Instantaneous velocity at t = 4 is ds/dt at that time-frame:
Now, v = ds/dt = 6t -4
Now, v(4) = 6(4) - 4 = 20 ms⁻¹
The average velocity of the particle in the time interval between 3s and 5s is 20 ms⁻¹ and its instantaneous velocity at 4s is 20 ms⁻¹.

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