Step-by-step explanation:
it is a because the y-axis is intersected at -4
Ahem, mandy wheres the GRAPH>?
Let u = xy
now dy/dx(sin(u))
= cos(u)
=cos(dy/dx(xy))
= cos(xy)y
Check the picture below.

since the width is just a dimension unit, it can't be -31.
what is the length? well, the length is w + 30.
That's the cosine x. The cosine of 0 is 1, so that's how you can tell. The sin of 0 is 0, so that's where the sin graph goes through the y axis