<em>a reference in a text to a well-known text, person, event, or thing</em>. This is the right option. The author makes the decision to refer to these items generally in an indirect way. For example, you should not wait as <em>Penelope</em>. Get out and meet a new man!. Penelope is Odysseu's wife.
These are not correct options:
- words, events, or dialogue in a text that hint at a future plot development. This is called foreshadowing.
-a communication between characters that develops character or plot. This is characterization
- incidents placed in a text by the author to mislead or trick the reader: This is plot device.