The executive branch is responsible for developing and implementing foreign policy. The National Security Council (NSC), the CIA, the Departments of State and Defense, are the main institutions for making policy.
What are the National Security Council (NSC), the CIA, the Departments of State and Defense?
The War Department, the Department of the Navy, and the U.S. Air Force were combined to become the Defense Department in 1949. The secretary of defense can have a significant impact on foreign policy. The president receives guidance on military planning and strategy from the Joint Chiefs of Staff, which consists of the four chiefs of staff of the armed services and a chairperson.
The president and vice president, the secretaries of state and defense, the director of the CIA, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (the armed services' leadership council), as well as about a dozen other government officials, make up the National Security Council (NSC), which is led by the national security advisor. The council is in charge of giving the president foreign policy advice. The NSC's function changes depending on the administration. Nixon, who was quite educated about international issues, depended heavily on the NSC. Indeed, Henry Kissinger, his national security adviser, was directly involved in establishing ties with the People's Republic of China and represented the US in talks to end the Vietnam War.
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