The correct answer is option D) Vested with sufficient powers.
"The Federalist", a book written by John Jay, is a collection of articles and essays. In the extract, Jay gives the impression that the American government has sufficient power.
What is a federalist?
Federalists are those who support a strong national republic and the constitution. In addition to being a federalist, Jay supported a centralized form of government.
John Jay, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton are responsible for the collection of essays and articles known as "The Federalist", which promotes the adoption of the American constitution.
Thus, option D, the American government having sufficient power, is justified by the excerpt in light of something like this.
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