Answer:. A novel fungal infection could spread to colonies and cause dramatic population crashes, as seen in the comparative study
Explanation:
fungal diseases of wildlife, amphibian chytridiomycosis and bat white-nose syndrome are diseases in bat that have emerged rapidly and unexpectedly over the past several decades.
These diseases have lead to unprecedented local and global decrease in population of amphibian and bat species the infection colonize their territory and pose serious threats to biodiversity and ecosystem stability due to loss of many of them.
In a newly fertilized egg, the vitelline layer lifts away from the egg and hardens to form a fertilization envelope.
Therefore, the correct answer is Option A.
<h3>What is vitelline layer?</h3>
- Vitelline layer or vitelline membrane (VM) is a structure that surrounds the outer surface of the plasma membrane of an egg or ovum. In some organisms (e.g.: birds), the vitelline layer surrounds the extracellular yolk and the ovum.
- It is multilayered and functions to protect and give shape to the egg yolk and separate it from the egg white.
- VM consists of protein fibers and protein receptors necessary for sperm binding.
- As its function is to provide support and protection to the yolk, after fertilization, the vitelline layer gets hardened and separated from the yolk to form fertilization envelope.
Learn more about fertilization in sea urchins here:
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Answer and Explanation:
Internal fertilization is characterized by sperm fertilizing the egg within the female. More protection against outside environments and predators, and therefore a higher chance of surviving until birth
. The young develop within the female, receiving nourishment from the mother’s blood through a placenta. Less chance of desiccation of gametes. Internal fertilization also enhances the fertilization of eggs by a specific male since the females are more selective of their mates thus increasing chances of gametes meeting
. Even though fewer offspring are produced through this method, their survival rate is higher.
They would not have food and/or mates
