The most correct answer would be D. <span>Inhabitants of Mars looked toward Earth for various reasons, some rather obvious.
</span>
The last sentence is textual evidence of this.
The sentence that is an example of direct characterization is I noticed that he was fat and bald-headed, and had an expression of winning gentleness and simplicity upon his tranquil countenance.
<em>
Direct characterization</em> refers to the way the narrator or other characters describe a character. This characterization is done through the use <em>adjectives </em>that reveal physical or personality traits. The character is described in a straightforward manner and, this helps the reader to have a better idea of the type of character they are going to read about in the story.
