<span>On February 5, 1937, President Franklin Roosevelt announces a controversial plan to expand the Supreme Court, to as many as 15 judges, just to make it more efficient. Critics immediately charged that Roosevelt was trying to “pack” the court and thus neutralize Supreme Court justices hostile to his New Deal.</span>
One of the main controversies concerning the race of Ancient Egyptians is determining whether or not to regard their history as "African History" since Egypt is located in what is now Africa. Most ancient historians do NOT discuss Egyptian history as African history, but rather as isolated or, in later periods, in tandem with Near Eastern and Mediterranean history. This is because Egypt was more or less cut off from sub-Saharan or Western Africa for most of its existence. Instead, Egyptians interacted most closely with Nubians and Near Eastern peoples.
This is controversial because Egypt was the birthplace of civilization. Many African-Americans find it Eurocentric that Egypt is lumped together with Western History. Instead, they would argue Egypt be discussed as uniquely African and civilization as an African, rather than a Western, invention. There is basis for this argument as well. Egyptians were most closely tied to Nubians (to their South) by means of trade and warfare. Additionally, while Egyptians had no categorical concept of race, they were most definitely not white and instead more closely resembled Africans of today.
In all, it is a difficult concept. On the one hand, anthropology and archaeology have historically been quite racist, European inventions and thus it should not be surprising how ancient historians regard Egypt today. But on the other hand, Egypt was very much connected to the Near East and, at that time, there was in fact no concept of "Africa" as a geographic space.
Direct rule and indirect rule have their advantages and
disadvantages. Indirect rule should give
colonies a sense of independence while direct rule gives supervision on what
they should do. Africans would have better opportunities under British rule because they educate people in their colonies. Still eventually people
will want their freedom because they do want to be under someone else’s
control.
There were three major countries that also participated in colonial exploration to the America's (which would later extend to Africa and India). Great Britain, which controlled the 13 colonies. France controlled Quebec, and extended all the way down to New Orleans, Louisiana. The Dutch would originally hold New York, until the British took it, but they did hold colonial possessions in the Caribbean and South America.
Gothic architecture focused on height and light, despite being constructed from heavy stone, Gothic cathedrals seem to defy the laws of gravity. Common traits include pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and flying buttresses, all of which enabled the structures to be built taller and stronger.
