Some similarities and differences between the Byzantie Empire and Kiev Russia consist of the Byzantie Empire's period lasting from 330-1613, whereas Kiev's period lasted from the 700's-1110's. The Byzantie Empire was a more advanced society then Kiev. Kiev recieved most of their culture from cultural diffusion from Byzantie. Some similarities include that two leaders from both locations converted to Christianity. Both locations were the only ruler. And both locations strived to control the church, also known as to control the people. Supremacy existed in both.
I believe that countries such as France and China have instituted language controls in order to protect their national language and heritage.
Even today, a French person will rarely speak to you in any language other than French, even if you don't understand them.
I believe the answer is the first one.
