Not 100% sure and I'm sorry about that but I would say religion. I hope I helped.:)
A chartered company is an association formed by investors or shareholders for the purpose of trade, exploration, and colonization.
The East India Company evolved from a small enterprise run by a group of City of London merchants, which in 1600 had been granted a royal charter conferring the monopoly of English trade in the whole of Asia and the Pacific.
The company received a Royal Charter from Queen Elizabeth I on 31 December 1600, coming relatively late to trade in the Indies.
The East India Company was established in 1600 as a joint-stock company with a monopoly of the trade to and from the East Indies. Its political achievements form a large part of the history of the British Empire, and its economic power was enormous, contributing substantially to the national wealth and causing the company to be the centre of most of the economic controversies of the 17th century. The company ended up seizing control over large parts of the Indian subcontinent, colonized parts of Southeast Asia, and colonized Hong Kong after a war with China.
By 1803, at the height of its rule in India, the British East India company had a private army of about 260,000—twice the size of the British Army, with Indian revenues of £13,464,561, and expenses of £14,017,473. The company eventually came to rule large areas of India with its private armies, exercising military power and assuming administrative functions. Company rule in India effectively began in 1757 and lasted until 1858, when, following the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the Government of India Act 1858 led to the British Crown's assuming direct control of the Indian subcontinent in the form of the new British Raj.
Externalities - An externality is such type of outcome which is not directly incureed by the producer but its consequences are incurred by society as a whole. The externalities can be negative as well as positive.
Negative externality- A externality that has a negative and harmful effect on society, as well as firms, are called negative externalities.
- For eg., A firm polluting the environment to save the cost of production will have negative consequences on society as a whole.
Positive externality - An outcome of the decisions and execution of a company that has led to positive consequences for both company and the society.
- For eg., the perfect example of positive externalities is the research and development work of any company. The research and development benefits not only the company to enhance its efficiency but it also benefits society by gaining the knowledge from the research, employment from work, etc,
To learn more about externalities please click on the link brainly.com/question/16968584
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Europeans were originally motivated to explore the seas to discover previously unknown lands, especially after the contact with America, where europeans found all kind of valuable goods. The portuguese were the first to pursue maritime exploration, soon to be followed by the spaniards.
Chinese workers will work for long hours for lower wages than most Western workers and this statement among the following is a negative aspect of American and European consumerism. The correct option among all the options that are given in the question is option "C". I hope it helps you.
