Answer:
The federal government barred German immigration to the United States.
Explanation:
Despite the prevailing anti-German sentiment in the United States during World War I, the federal government never barred German citizens from entering the country on nationality grounds. In that time, restrictions on migration were made for other reasons and were aimed at other nationalities. For example, the <em>1917 Immigration Act</em> prohibited the migration of people with dangerous contagious diseases, mental disabilities, or criminal records. It also banned the entry of Asians (except Chinese and Japanese) and Pacific Islanders. A year later another Immigration Act was approved, which expanded the provisions of the <em>Anarchist Exclusion Act</em> of 1903.
All other measures mentioned in the question did take place. The teaching of foreign languages (specifically German) was restricted in several states, such as Indiana and Nebraska. In others like Iowa, it went much further. In 1918, Governor William Harding issued the Babel <em>Proclamation</em> that imposed English as the only legal language for public and private meetings and conversations.
Germanophobia also extended to the gastronomic world. Some restaurants changed the name of products that sounded too German, that way, Sauerkraut became "Liberty cabbage" and hamburgers became "liberty sandwiches".
These hostilities were also directed against individuals. This is the case of Karl Muck, the then director of the Boston Symphony, who was interned in a camp of Georgia for playing the works of German composers - probably the most notable was Bach's Saint Matthew Passion - which was seen as an activity in favor of the enemy.
