There were 9 crusades that were fought during the middle Ages, and they were groups of Europeans who traveled to the Holy Land to free it of Muslims, or took part in the Reconquista, or freeing parts of Spain from the Moors. The common factor was that they were called upon by the popes to take back the promise land, in return for a 'passage' to heaven or their souls redeemed.
Popular sovereignty was also included in Article V of the Constitution, which provides the means to amend the Constitution through the elected representatives of the people.
