Hi. I think the details of what the author said were not included in your post. I researched and found similar question but with the additional information. Here's my answer:
According to the author, the conditions in Europe during 800's was chaotic. The Frankish Empire was disintegrated to federation of feudal lords, Church did not have power, knights forcing the peasants to pay taxes. Muslims controlled Spain.
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Magna Carta, English Great Charter, charter of English liberties granted by King John on June 15, 1215, under threat of civil war and reissued, with alterations, in 1216, 1217, and 1225. By declaring the sovereign to be subject to the rule of law and documenting the liberties held by “free men,” the Magna Carta provided the foundation for individual rights in Anglo-American jurisprudence.
Stenton, Doris Mary. "Magna Carta". Encyclopedia Britannica, 11 Feb. 2021, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Magna-Carta. Accessed 27 June 2021.
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Roosevelt's hope was to provide a rationale for why the United States should abandon the isolationist policies that emerged from World War I.
In that context, he summarized the values of democracy behind the bipartisan consensus on international involvement that existed at the time.
*The first is freedom of speech and expression—everywhere in the world.
*The second is freedom of every person to worship God in his own way—everywhere in the world.
*The third is freedom from want—which, translated into world terms, means economic understandings which will secure to every nation a healthy peacetime life for its inhabitants—everywhere in the world.
*The fourth is freedom from fear—which, translated into world terms, means a world-wide reduction of armaments to such a point and in such a thorough fashion that no nation will be in a position to commit an act of physical aggression against any neighbor—anywhere in the world.
<span>William Penn, a man of zealous religious convictions, was a real estate entrepreneur, philosopher, and the founder of Pennsylvania. He acquired the land from King Charles II as payment of the debt the king owed to Penn's father. Pennsylvania became a haven for the Quakers who had immigrated to the colonies. Before the existence of Pennsylvania, many of the England Puritans treated the Quakers poorly and even banished some to the Carribean.</span>