By making the seemingly treacherous voyage, the Portuguese could find gold and other precious metals in Africa. They could also find a trade route that would help them reach merchants in Asia. Such finds would help Portugal become economically stronger than other European powers.
"The boy in the striped pajamas" is a boy of the war time in Germany who only knows how to love and care for his friend. He is not bothered about the wire and the boundaries that separate him from his friend.
The powers assumed by the government that are not specifically listed in the constitution. Inherent powers. Powers that historically have been recognized as naturally belonging to all governments that conduct the business of a sovereign nation.