Option d) The church did not just reflect what was happening in society.
Explanation: a thermometer does not influence anything, just measures or reflects the temperature of something. Then the comparisson of the church with the thermometer is to establish whether it merely reflected something or did something else.
Ahem. think of it this way, what word is interjecting
Pope Gregory XIII, who introduced it in October 1582.
I believe it is a run-on sentence but i am not certain
