Question

Match the following terms and definitions. 1.breeding of individuals that have genes for two different characteristics codominance 2.a grid system used to predict possible combinations of genes due to random fertilization incomplete dominance 3.a condition in which both alleles are dominant multiple alleles 4.when more than two alternatives exist for a gene dihybrid cross 5.a condition in which neither pair of alleles is dominant or recessive, so the traits blend in the phenotype Punnett square

Answer 1

Answers;
1.Breeding of individuals that have genes for two different characteristics; Dihybrid cross
2.A grid system used to predict possible combinations of genes due to random fertilization; Punnet square
3 A condition in which both alleles are dominant; Codominance
4.when more than two alternatives exist for a gene; multiple alleles
5.A condition in which neither pair of alleles is dominant or recessive, so the traits blend in the phenotype ;Incomplete dominance;

Explanation;
Dihybrid cross;
It involves the breeding of individuals that have genes for two different characteristics. It involves the cross of individuals that are both heterozygous for two different traits. For example two different traits in a pea plant; color and shape; for color we have; Y-allele for yellow seeds and y- allele for green seeds, For Shape trait; R-allele for round seeds and r-allele for wrinkled seeds. So the dihydbrid cross would be (RrYy × RrYy). 

Punnet square;
This a grid system or a square diagram that is used to predict possible combinations of genes due to random fertilization. It is used by biologists determine the probability of an offspring having a particular genotype. 
The letters on the outside of a Punnett Square stand for the parent allele.

Codominance;
This is a condition in heterozygotes in which both members of an allelic pair are dominant and both contribute to the phenotype. 
A good example of codominance is the ABO blood group; A person with blood group AB, it means that both the A allele and B allele are equally expressed. 

Multiple alleles
This is when more than two alternatives for a gene exist.
Examples of multiple allelism in human;The genes of the ABO blood group system. The human ABO system is controled by three alleles, namely; A-allele, B-allele and O-allele.

Incomplete dominance;
This is condition in heterozygotes in which both members of an allelic pair are neither dominant nor recessive to other alleles, so the two traits blend in the phenotype of the individual. 
An example; is a snapdragon flower that is pink as a result of cross-pollination between a red flower and a white flower. Which means neither the white allele or the red allele are dominant. 

Answer 2

Answer:

1. Dihybrid cross-refers to the breeding of individuals, which possesses genes for two distinct features. It is termed as dihybrid as one is considering a cross in between two distinct traits.  

2. Punnett square refers to a grid system, which is used to determine the probable combinations of genes because of random fertilization. The Punnett square helps one to determine an outcome of breeding or a cross.  

3. Codominance refers to the condition in which both the alleles are dominant. It comprises the alleles that exhibit the tendency of dominating at a similar time, and when an organism is heterozygotic, both the alleles are articulated.  

4. Multiple alleles refer to a phenomenon in which more than two alternatives prevails for a gene.  

5. Incomplete dominance refers to a condition in which none of the pair of alleles is recessive or dominant, thus, the traits get mixed in the phenotype.