Multi cellular organisms like animals are eukaryotes
Algae living on a sloth is considered an example of mutualism because both of them benefit from each other.
Mutualism is one of the symbiotic relationships in which both the two species living together benefit in one way or another. A considerable example of such a relationship is between algae and a sloth.
The algae provide camouflage to the sloth and protect it from predators while the sloth provides shelter to the algae for its growth. The sloth also gets nutrition from algae which perform photosynthesis and synthesize food.
Another mutual relationship is observed between the aphids and ants. Aphids produce honeydew as a waste product of their diet which is consumed by ants. While ants protect the aphids from predators and parasites.
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In this case, researchers observed a trade-off between the ability to tolerate harsh dry conditions and the ability to colonize deeper water. This type of trade-off can increase the fitness of only one phenotypic trait.
An evolutionary trade-off can be defined as an evolutionary mechanism where a trait can increase its adaptive fitness in the detriment of decreased adaptive fitness in another phenotypic trait.
In trade-offs, the evolutionary adaptive processes cannot optimize a given trait without compromising another.
A well-known example of an evolutionary trade-off is the balance between the number of eggs that a bird can produce in a determined clutch.
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