The Privy Council goes back to the earliest days of the Monarchy, when it comprised those appointed by the King or Queen to advise on matters of state. As the constitution developed into today's constitutional monarchy
Traditionally the 'Privy' Council, not referred to as such until the 15th century, consisted of advisers drawn from the nobility and church (many also serving in government) who would advise and assist the monarchy in matters of state.
The excerpt from the
Justinian Code shows how the Byzantine Empire by preserved Greco- roman
culture, the answer is number 1. Thank you for posting your question here. I hope
the answer helps.
