Explanation Answer:
The Rise of the Merchant Class In contrast, Northern and Central Italy had become far more prosperous, and it has been calculated that the region was among the richest in Europe. ... This change also gave the merchants almost complete control of the governments of the Italian city-states, again enhancing trade.
The last one
Answer:
They enhanced the translation of of Latin into Arabic and also facilitated the formal education to the Europeans and helped them in saving their culture.
Explanation
The Arab empire was a a very powerful and a sovereign government which usually had power to rule others which were territories. Territories are greater than kingdoms. When they invades Europe they transformed learning,culture and arts.Most people were not able to manage the cost paid for the education . This made them to be behind when it comes to the formal education. The Arab Empire introduced their scholars who helped them to gain the education.They also supported their art and culture by saving it.
Answer:
The various reform movements pertaining to women's rights were very important to women at the time, such as abolition, suffrage, temperance, and education.