The federalist are basically what it sounds like. They supported the idea of a large federal government with power.
Mass production of goods resulted in the use of mechanization to have an oversupply. Some labor work were replaced by machines, which created unemployment and change of needed skills for an upgrade. Common work can be done by machines while the craft was still handed down to skilled workers. There was a high demand for buying machines that can reproduce products faster.
World War I, also known as the Great War, began in 1914 after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria.