1. I believe the answer is: related diversification.
Related diversification refers to the every efforts that company do to expand their consumer base from the market that they are currently in. This could be done by either developing a new product, or by acquiring another companies that operate in different market.
2. I believe the answer is: Vertical integration
Vertigal integration refers to a join operation made by parent companies and its subsidiaries, to combine specific aspect of operation in order to produce one same products or services. This strategy is preferred by companies who want to ensure the supply of materials for their product without having to be depended on other companies.
3. I believe the answer is: Related diversification
Related diversification refers to the efforts that companies do to expand their operations that being done by obtaining different companies that is different from the current one, but still closely related with one another. (in the example above, both companies still target the coffee market.)
4. I believe the answer is: Portofolio Strategy
Portofolio strategy is the strategy that being done by separating their investments in order to obtain their financial goals. This strategy is being done to minimize the risk of investments (if the investments are separated/diversified, the investors would not go bankrupt if one of the investment is failing)