Assuming the italicized clause is <em>Since its establishment, </em>the correct answer here is elliptical clause. Elliptical means that a word which would normally be part of a sentence is excluded, usually for stylistic reasons. Here, the verb is missing, which is why it is elliptical. The question is oddly formulated too - given that there is no verb here, it cannot be a clause, but rather a phrase, but since there is no such option here, then the correct answer is elliptical clause.
D. If others pay the tax which is demanded of me, from a sympathy with the State, they do but what they have already done in their own case, or rather they abet injustice to a greater extent than the State requires.
