The answer is the parent material. Parent material is what occurs on the surface before soil begins to form. This is found in new environments such as after a volcanic activity. Pioneers organisms of an ecosystem and abiotic elements of weathering such as water and temperatures begin to weather the rocks into smaller particles, Humus and organic matter from life accumulate with the minute rock particles to form soil over time. The topmost soil is the most developed and this is why soil has profiles towards the deep into the parent rock material, depending on the stage of weathering.
Evaporation have a nice day!
Answer:
Option (4)
Explanation:
Seismic P and S waves are generated during an earthquake that has the potential to propagate through the interior of the earth. P waves are also known as the primary waves and they move in a compression and extension way in their direction of propagation. S waves are shear waves. This P waves travel faster than the S waves and can travel in both solid as well as in liquid. Whereas the S wave can travel only through solids. They get absorbed when they reach the core-mantle boundary. These two waves are helpful in determining the epicenter of an earthquake by recording the arrival of these waves.
Hence, the correct answer is option (4).
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Reduced efforts to clean emissions</span>
