The Crusades were a series of religious wars between European Christians and Turkish Muslims that initiated in 1096 and concluded in 1291. They were considered bloody and savage and were widely sanctioned by the Latin Church.
It consisted of 8 major crusades in which both parties fought over control of regions considered sacred by both groups such as the Holly Land (located between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea), and other territories considered valuable for economic or political reasons; the suppression of the practices of polytheism and of the people who denied the Christian beliefs, among others.
During the Hellenistic Age, Archimedes made advancements in "mathematics"--specifically in the realm of geometry, since he developed innovative ways to calculate volume, area, etc.
