Answer:
Choropleth Map
This is used to show population density in countries of the world specifically with its color variation used to show the differences in population within that region.
Tariff makes the most sense. Embargo is a ban on goods or a country, subsidy is money granted from the government to a business and has nothing to do with trade, quota is a limited amount of a product and again doesn't really have anything to do with trade.
I’m not entirely sure, but since no one has answered yet, I’d go with C. It seems to relate most to what the Federalist and Democratic-Republicans disagreed on most.
Fertile soil, favorable climate, extremely cheap labor, and rivers used for transportation