The answer is D. Purtians. Purtians were one of the first religious groups in the New American Colonies. By the 1670s however, the stern religious rules of the original puritians had less influence over New England. Other religious groups had broken off from the Puritians by this time and this was one of the reason they were less influencial.
It was a way of making sure they weren't followed or shot in the arce as they were running away
The Virginia house of burgesses was the first legislative assembly of elected representatives in North America.
Calhoun argued that the US Constitution was based on a pact by 13 sovereign states.
The United Kingdom in the Battle of Britain.