Answer:
In information theory, entropy is a measure of uncertainty in a random variable. In this context, the term refers to Shannon's entropy, which quantifies the expected value of the information contained in a message.
Explanation:
The entropy defined by Shannon, referring to the theory of information, refers to the average amount of information contained in a random (psychological) variable or, in particular, a binary transmission source. The information that provides a certain value, xi, of a discrete random variable X, is defined as:
I (xi) = log2 (1 / p (xi))
whose unit is the bit if the logarithm is used in base 2 (for example, when the natural or natural logarithm is used, we speak of nats).
The entropy or average information of the discrete random variable, X, is determined as the average information of the set of discrete values that can be adopted (also measured in bits):
H (x) = Σip (xi) • log2 (1 / p (xi))
In addition to its definition and study, Shannon demonstrated analytically that entropy is the maximum limit to which a source can be compressed without any loss of information.
Answer:
Explanation:
Mutation is the word used to describe the heritable change in genetic makeup of an organism. This change in turns may help with adaptation for survival or be a disadvantage to the organism in its environment.
Natural selection is a concept in evolutionary biology that describes the process by which heritable traits are confered for survival and reproductive advantage to individuals. It also focus on how related individuals, tend to be passed on changes in traits to succeeding generations and how this trait become more frequent in a population while also observing how other less favourable traits and weak individuals tend to become eliminated from the environment.
Choosing two examples from the above;
• For instance, having large bodies and dark fur serves the purpose to camouflage, for mimicry, and big animals' body parts for agility in competition and colour helps to cover themselves. All these mutations that increases body size and changes the fur color are for physical adaptations.
If there is a change in this features the animals are easily exposed and may not survive.
• Some specific parts of the body of variety of animals are adapted to survival as the environment changes. Among such features are having sharp claws and sharp teeth. A mutation like this provides the animal with body structure that is adapted to survival. Without these features feeding and catching preys for some omnivores and carnivores would be almost impossible reducing the population size.
• Having body structure like dull teeth and hooves are adapted for the survival of terrestrial leaves grazers. Hooves makes running faster and escaping from predators easy. Dull teeth however makes grass cutting for ruminant animal easy.
In the occurrence of forest fire the hooves animals can escape easily, the big bodied animals will be disadvantaged. When the weather or climate changes mimicry / camouflage fur is will be disadvantaged.
Anything to do with partial or before
The nitrogen cycle provides nitrogen to the ecosystem from the atmosphere, ground and oceans. Nitrogen is an important component of complex molecules such as amino acids and nucleotides, which lead to the creation of proteins and DNA, the building blocks of all life .
