The first opium war was fought between China and Britain.
"A split in the Democratic Party" was one reason among the choices given in the question that transformed U.S. politics in the 1920s. . I hope that this is the answer that has come to help
Near East and Middle East (whole Asia from Mediterranean sea to contemporary Pakistan, Kazakchstan, including these countries) Balkans, North Africa and its eastern coast, Spain, Portugal, Sicilia, Indonesia.