<span>Spain was incredibly strict when it came to trade and what came into their nation, so the Portuguese found a way around that and would smuggle in illegal contraband all the time. They used that, force, and discipline to further divide the Spanish.</span>
There is a number of ways that Portugal and other European nations tried to challenge Spanish power:
1. illegal trade with Spanish colonies - given that Spain forbade any nation to trade with their colonies in the Americas, they had to do it illegally, without Spanish knowledge. Smugglers had a special role in this given that they did most of the work
2. pirates - these nations tried to do everything in their power to diminish the authority Spain had in the Americas. This is why they resorted to privateers - that is just a fancy name for pirates who preyed on Spanish ships in order to steal their treasure
Monarchy was very important to the Egyptians because they believed that their Pharaohs acted as a mediator between human beings and their gods and goddesses. They also believed that in the afterlife, Pharos could become divine.
I know that this was short but I hope that it helped anyway!
