Answer:
Coal and oil (if there are two answers)
They form an organ
Have a nice day
Answer:
a. resolve the branching patterns (evolutionary history) of the Lophotrochozoa
b. (the same, it is repeated)
Explanation:
Nemertios (ribbon worms) and foronids (horseshoe worms) are closely related groups of lofotrocozoa. Lofotrocozoans, or simply trocozoans (= tribomastic celomados with trocophoric larva) are a group of animals that includes annelids, molluscs, endoprocts, brachiopods and other invertebrates. They represent a crucial superphylum for our understanding of the evolution of bilateral symmetry animals. However, given the inconsistency between molecular and morphological data for these groups, their origins were not entirely clear. In the work linked above, the first records of genomes of the Nemertine worm Notospermus geniculatus and the foronid Phoronis australis are presented, along with transcriptomes along the adult bodies. Our phylogenetic analyzes based on the genome place Nemertinos as the sister group of the taxon that contains Phoronidea and Brachiopoda. It is shown that lofotrocozoans share many families of genes with deuterotomes, suggesting that these two groups retain a common genetic repertoire of bilaterals that do not possess ecdisozoans (arthropods, nematodes) or platizoos (platelets, sydermats). Comparative transcriptomics demonstrates that foronid and brachiopod lofophores are similar not only morphologically, but also at the molecular level. Although the lofophore and vertebrates show very different cephalic structures, the lofophorees express the vertebrate head genes and neuronal marker genes. This finding suggests a common origin of the bilaterial pattern of the head, although different types of head will evolve independently in each lineage. In addition, we recorded innate immunity expansions of lineage-specific and toxin-related genes in both lofotrocozoa and deuterostomes. Together, this study reveals a dual nature of lofotrocozoans, in which the conserved and specific characteristics of the lineage shape their evolution.
Since the
speed of many physiological processes in marine organisms is determined by the
temperature, the first consequence of the changes in the conditions of the
medium becomes offset the timing of seasonal events, such as the timing of
spawning fish. There have also offset migration routes and spawning areas. So,
as a result of warming in the Sea of Japan, spawning navaga shifted to an
earlier date, because of the reduction of the area of "cold spots"
in the eastern Bering Sea shelf feeding migration of pollock, halibut and crab
are lengthened, but because of the temperature rise to the east of Japan,
spawning saury expanding. These changes significantly affect the success of
reproduction, resulting in changes populations of their fishery.
Three important characteristics such as a notochord, a dorsal hollow nerve cord, and pharyngeal gill slits, should appear at any stage of their life cycle. These are the characteristics of the chordates. Members of echinoderms share resemblance with chordates in presence of a notochord.
