The Early Middle Ages (or early medieval period) marked the start of the Middle Ages of European history, lasting from the 6th to the 10th century CE. The Early Middle Ages followed the decline of the Western Roman Empire and preceded the High Middle Ages (c. 10th to 13th centuries). The Early Middle Ages largely overlap with Late Antiquity. The term "Late Antiquity" is used to emphasize elements of continuity with the Roman Empire, while "Early Middle Ages" is used to emphasize developments characteristic of the later medieval period.
The period saw a continuation of trends begun during late classical antiquity, including population decline, especially in urban centres, a decline of trade, and increased immigration. The period has been labelled the "Dark Ages", a characterization highlighting the relative scarcity of literary and cultural output from this time, especially in Northwestern Europe. However, the Eastern Roman Empire, or Byzantine Empire, continued to survive, and in the 7th century the Islamic caliphates conquered swathes of formerly Roman territory.[1]
Many of these trends were reversed later in the period. In 800 the title of emperor was revived in Western Europe by Charlemagne, whose Carolingian Empire greatly affected later European social structure and history. Europe experienced a return to systematic agriculture in the form of the feudal system, which introduced such innovations as three-field planting and the heavy plow. Barbarian migration stabilized in much of Europe, although Northern Europewas greatly affected by the Viking expansion.
Sarabande and Variations in D minor composed by Handel. The piece is in 3/2, which is a simple triple meter.
Exercise 1: Keep a Daily Sketchbook
Exercise #2: Warm Up to Improve Speed and Coordination
Exercise #3: Use Perspective to Make Drawings More Realistic
Exercise #4: Improve Proportion
Exercise #5: Perfect Working With Shapes
Exercise #6: Know your pencils. There's a big difference between 4B and 4H
Exercise #7: Take control of your pencil. Tripod (top) and extended tripod (bottom) grips
Exercise #8: Try different mark-making methods
Exercise #9: Vary your lines
Exercise #10: Avoid smudging
Exercise #11: Control your edges
Exercise #12: Use a blending stick for smooth shading
Exercise #13: Apply the 70/30 rule
