Gorge Washington warned that political parties would lead to a dangerous division within the United States--which he believed would make the US vulnerable to disputes and foreign attacks. He ultimately thought that political parties would weaken the nation.
Europeans tended to have a more industrialized and wealthy populous unlike China where most of the population was poor.
Answer:
The long-term effect of the Reformation in Europe was to permanently split most of Northern Europe from the political and cultural influence of the people