Federalism: political system in which a power is shared between the national government and state governments.
Answer:
independence and freedom.
The Sand Creek Massacre took place in 1864 during the American Indian Wars, when Colonel Chivington charged against a village inhabited by native Indians (Cheyenne and Arapaho) and totally destroyed it, killing many people, mostly women and children. Chivington was under the ruling of Evans, the Governor of Colorado land at that time.
The local chief at Sand Creek had visited an American army fort looking for protection for his people, as claims on Indian lands were proliferating quickly and natives were sick of being pushed away all the time towards worse territories. He was told not to worry, as according to a treaty signed in 1851, Sand Creek's land had been legally granted to the Cheyennes.
But the next day he would find out that this was a false promise. A group of soldiers had surrounded Sand Creek. Right before the attack, the Indians had shown an American Flag as a symbol of their desire to keep peace and, trusting on the treaty, they had not prepared any defenses. Chivington ignored the peace intentions and gave orders to his men to kill and slaugther everybody they found in Sand Creek.
Analyzing the preambles, the chief of Sand Creek went to the fort seeking for protection as his people lacked the forces (only children and women were in town) and the military preparation to confront Colonel Chivington men, so he chose to negotiate instead. The Indians showed that their intentions were to avoid any conflict.
On the other hand, Chivington and Evans have gone down in history for comitting the worst massacres against natives. In this case, they violated their own agreement and attacked a town without any defenses. So they is no justification for their murders, in fact, Evans was forced to resign by President Andrew Johnson in 1865 after having proved his direct involvement with the Sand Creek Massacre.
The Voting Rights Act, signed into law by President Lyndon Johnson (1908-73) on August 6, 1965, aimed to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote under the 15th Amendment (1870) to the Constitution of the United States.
Haracteristics identified:
WEST GERMANY
supported by the United States
prospered after 1945
provided all the resources required to strengthen its economy
an active member of the European community of nations
EAST GERMANY
under the control of the Soviet Union
underdeveloped and had less-advanced industries
governed with strict control
Historical context:
The Allies of World War II were allied in defeating Germany and Japan, but they were not united in their political ideology. Britain, France and the United States promoted capitalism and democracy. The Soviet Union stood for communism and authoritarian government.
In the postwar settlement, the Allied divided Germany into four zones of control after the war -- each zone occupied by one of the Allied nations -- Britain, France, the USA, and the USSR. The same thing was done for the city of Berlin, which was in the Soviet-controlled zone (East Germany). East Berlin was governed under Soviet control, and West Berlin was governed by the western Allies -- Britain, France and the USA. The communist USSR was at odds with their former World War II allies (which were democratic and capitalist). In June, 1948, the Soviets sought to drive the other powers out of West Berlin by blockading all land and waterway routes to the city. But the USA and its partners (Britain and France) would not desert the people of West Berlin, and for over a year they used airplanes to drop supplies into the non-Soviet part of the city. This "Berlin Airlift" effort eventually accounted for over 2 million tons of cargo being delivered to West Berlin by air, and the Soviets eventually gave up the blockade. West Berlin remained independent of Soviet control. East Berlin and East Germany, however, remained under Soviet domination.
In 1961, with Soviet support, the Berlin Wall was built to separate East Berlin from West Berlin. The communist government of East Germany claimed it was an "antifascist bulwark" to keep people from the West from infiltrating East Berlin and seeking to undermine the socialist state. Really, though, it was built to keep people from East Germany from fleeing to the West by way of West Berlin, because life and economic conditions in West Germany were so much better than in East Germany.
The problems of East Germany persisted until major uprisings took place in 1989, and the East German state dissolved in 1990. Germany was reunified at that time.
