The correct answer should be The Japanese army was so weak that U.S. invasion would have meant rapid Japanese defeat.
Japan surrendered after the bombs were dropped, and no offer was made. Soviets didn't have any atomic weapons until after the war.
The main idea in Madison's federalist paper #51 is that checks and balances can and should be put in place in a federal government in order to keep any single branch from becoming too powerful.
Heat cause thremal has to do with heat