A) invertebrates even without the estimation they still cover most of the grid.
The correct answer is - Mercator projection map.
The Mercator projection map is a cylindrical type of map that represents the Earth in rectangular manner. While the map may seem as a nice representation of the Earth, and it has accurate directions, it also has some flaws. The biggest flaw of this map is the distortion of the sizes. The distortion is non existent on the Equator, but as it moves north and south of it towards the poles, the distortion is constantly increasing. This projection is not made to be able to cope with the increase of the scale, especially when it it is infinite at the poles.
Because of this, on this map, Greenland looks very similar in size with Africa, even though in reality it is around 15 times smaller.
There is quite a lot, but the fact that both mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own circular DNAis what I would call "key" evidence. That is, these organelles are not "manufactured" by the cell (i.e., there are no "genes for mitochondria" in eukaryote genomes): like their ancestral bacteria, they reproduce by binary fission.
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Related questions (More answers below)
Transcription factors are necessary for an initiation of transcription at a regulated gene but not sufficient.
Transcription is the first step of gene expression in which DNA molecule is copied (transcribed) into RNA (mRNA) by RNA polymerase. The process of transcription is divided into three phases:
1. Initiation
• RNA polymerase with transcriptional factors bind to gene promoter Transcription factors can enhance the interaction between RNA polymerase and a DNA sequence- promoter, encouraging the expression of the gene. Such transcription factors are called activators. Otherwise, when the gene expression is inhibited, factors are called repressors and they bind to sequence –operator.
• RNA polymerase unwinds DNA double helix (transcription bubble is formed)
2. Elongation
• RNA polymerases adds nucleotides complementary to DNA
3. Termination
• RNA polymerase gets to stop codon (transcribes a sequence of DNA known as a terminator)
• Formed complementary RNA strand is released from DNA-RNA complex
That would be called a source or head water