The answer is D. The tax is levied on something other than income but ends up being a higher percentage of their income than it would be for a high earner.
Japan officially surrendered on September 2nd 1945; however, they had announced their surrender on August 15th 1945, after the bombings in Hiroshima (Aug 6th) and Nagasaki (Aug 9th).
Specific people who valued religion quite significantly played a role in this. I have studied this material so long ago that I cannot name those particular figures. Do some research and I'm sure you'll be able to find out for yourself.
Answer C: breakup of the USSR
Rivers often act as really effective and accessible trade routes, so the historian could use this map to analyse trade routes between Early River Valley Civilizations.
Hope this helps :))