Gloat in the sentence means to brag. Basically, the third selection. "To make fun of someone."
Hopefully this helps :)
Your first option, "I have taken all the stress I can stand.", is a line of dialogue.
Dialogue is speaking/talking. The second and last options cannot be examples of dialogue because they are not being spoken (you can tell by the lack of quotation marks).The third option is also incorrect because it is what is written, as it says "the study reported" (the study does not speak). Therefore, the first option is correct.
The word pseudo means false or fake. an example of pseudo being used would be in the word pseudonym, which means fake name, such as Dr. Seuss (because that’s not his real name).
It is a clause because it's a statement
