The company's external equity comes from those funds raised from public issuance of shares or rights. The cost of external equity is the minimum rate of return which the shareholders supply new funds <span>by </span>purchasing<span> new shares to prevent the decline of the market value of the shares. To compute the cost of external equity, we should use this formula:</span>
Ke<span> = (DIV 1 / Po) + g</span>
Ke<span> = cost of external equity</span>
DIV 1 = dividend to be paid next year
Po = market price of share
g = growth rate
In the problem, the estimated dividend to be paid next year is $1.50. The market price is $18.50 and the growth rate is 4%.
<span>Substituting the given to the formulas, we need to divide $1.50 by $18.50 giving us the result of 8.11% plus the growth rate; this would yield to the result of 12.11% cost of external equity.</span>
Price elasticity can be calculated using the attached formula where:
the first term represents the % change in quantity and the second term represents the % change in price
% change in quantity = (100-120) / (220/2) = -2/11 x 100 = -18.1818%
% change in price = (7-5) / (12/2) = 33.3333%
price elasticity = 18.1818/33.3333 = 0.55Note that the price elasticity is usually taken as an absolute value.
Answer:
The times interest earned ratio will reduce
Explanation:
The times interest earned ratio is a ratio that looks at how many times a companies earnings from operations can cover the loan interest it has to pay in a year.
It is calculated by the formula Earnings Before Interest and Tax divided by the interest expense.
Therefore looking at the scenario, if HCA increases its debt level by issuing a $1.53 billion bond, this will increase its interest expense significantly and the number of times its earnings will cover its interest expense will be remarkably lower.
Therefore the times interest earned ratio will reduce
Answer:
The most sensible position is to understand that theory, while not practical in itself, can be immensely helpful when dealing with pratical matters.
This is because theory gives you a sound conceptual foundation that can be used to analyze the practical context, and approach it with the best possible practical solutions.
Without theory, managers have to rely too much on intuition, which can often fail.
Output and input levels always tend to an equilibrium point it the long run, meaning they are inelastic in the long run.
Elasticity refers to how much supply and/or demand changes with changes in pricing. The more elastic, the more change there is.
In the short-term, output and and supply can change dramatically, but in the long run things tend back to the middle (equilibrium).
