Answer with Explanation:
The decision making under the conditions of uncertainty:
Uncertainty is an unquantifiable outcome of a decision that can not be mathematically modeled whereas risk is a quantifiable outcome of a decision that can be mathematically modeled.
The expected value method helps in decision making related to uncertainty are making prudent estimates of cash flow by using expected value.
Expected value considers every outcome under uncertainty and computes all of the expected value for each outcome. The outcome that gives highest expected value is said to be best case and likewise the outcome that gives lowest expected value is said to be worst case.
Suppose that two projects gives the same expected value, then the decision will be based on the degree of uncertainty which means the project that has lowest uncertainty of returns will be our choice.
The deviation of the expected value from required return on a project can be measured as a Degree of uncertainty that helps in understanding to what extent the return will be not as per the expectation. The Precise Measurement of uncertainty can be calculated by inclusion of standard deviation to estimate expected value of the decision taken.
The expected money value is the monetary value that a particular decision will generate. In expected monetary value the decision is based on the weighted average of best case and worst case. The value derived is average thus the standard deviation would be very low which means that the calculation was precise. Decision trees are used in precise measurement of cash flow related to each expected outcome and deriving a weighted average value.
It would take by my calculations around 16 yrs but that is just an hypothesis
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Answer:
a. The $25,000 is deductible as a current expense.
b. The $25,000 is still deductible as a current expense.
Explanation:
a.They open a bagel shop in the city?
The $25,000 spent on travel, surveys, and financial forecasts will be treated as an an ordinary and necessary business expense. The reason is that it is spent to carry out an investigation necessary for expanding their already existing business. Therefore, the $25,000 is deductible as a current expense.
b. They decide not to open a bagel shop in the city?
It does not matter whether they open the bagel shop in the city or not. The $25,000 spent on investigation will still be treated as an an ordinary and necessary business expense, since it is spent to expand existing active business. The $25,000 is still deductible as a current expense.
Answer:
Please see below
Explanation:
A. Decreasing the wage rate leads to an increase in the quantity of labor demanded. Which leads to increased production and ultimately can lead to an increase in a firm's profit if other factors are left constant.
B. The two factors at work is demand and supply.
