<span>a. Lister’s work was only made possible by Pasteur’s discoveries.
Pasteur first theorized the cause of infection to be germs. Lister built on the "germ theory" and created the ideas of sterile surgery.
Both Pasteur and Lister are credited for revolutionizing surgery to become a sterile process. Without Pasteur's "germ theory", Lister would not have had a theory to work from. The two scientists also corresponded with one another improving the process for sterilization. </span>
A two-party system is a party system where two major political parties dominate the government. One of the two parties typically holds a majority in the legislature and is usually referred to as the majority or governing party while the other is the minority or opposition party.
The overwhelming consensus of observers in the 1890s, and historians ever since, is that an upsurge of humanitarian concern with the plight of the Cubans was the main motivating force that caused the war with Spain in 1898. McKinley put it succinctly in late 1897 that if Spain failed to resolve its crisis, the United States would see “a duty imposed by our obligations to ourselves, to civilization and humanity to intervene with force."Intervention in terms of negotiating a settlement proved impossible—neither Spain nor the insurgents would agree. Louis Perez states, "Certainly the moralistic determinants of war in 1898 has been accorded preponderant explanatory weight in the historiography."
By the 1950s, however, American political scientists began attacking the war as a mistake based on idealism, arguing that a better policy would be realism. They discredited the idealism by suggesting the people were deliberately misled by propaganda and sensationalist yellow journalism. Political scientist Robert Osgood, writing in 1953, led the attack on the American decision process as a confused mix of "self-righteousness and genuine moral fervor," in the form of a "crusade" and a combination of "knight-errantry and national self- assertiveness."
1. Habeas Corpus
2. Clara Barton
3. Copperheads
4. Emancipation
I hope this helps!!!!
I think it is the second answer