Answer: A. a disagreement between the states over representation in Congress.
The main disagreement was over whether representation would be the same for all states, or based on a state's population size. Then there was also a question, for basing representation on population size, about whether slaves counted in a state's population or not.
The Great Compromise and the Three-Fifths Compromise were worked out during the United States Constitutional Convention in 1787 in order to resolve these issues.
- The Great Compromise resolved a dispute between small population states and large population states. Initially, a unicameral (one-chamber) legislature was envisioned. The large population states wanted representation in Congress to be based on a state's population size. The smaller states feared this would lead to unchecked dominance by the big states; they wanted all states to receive the same amount of representation. The Great Compromise created a bicameral (two-chamber) legislature. Representation in the House of Representatives would be based on population. In the Senate, all states would have the same amount of representation, by two Senators.
- The Three-Fifths Compromise was a way of accounting (somewhat) for the population of slaves in states that permitted slavery. For taxation and representation purposes, the question was whether slaves should count in the population figures. (They were not considered voting citizens at that time.) The Three-Fifths Compromise said that three out of every five slaves could be counted when determining a state's population size for determining how many seats that state would receive in the House of Representatives.
1) why did you decide that standing in the snow would gain peoples forgiveness?
2) why (in that time) was it appropriate to excommunicate people?
3) what did you do to be excommunicated?
The only commitment was limited war.
Religious Tolerance
Penn and other Quakers believed that everyone had to seek God in his or her own way. Penn also thought that religious tolerance – or “liberty of conscience” – would create stronger governments and wealthier societies. Other English thinkers in the 1600s shared these ideas. But Penn had the opportunity to act on his beliefs. In Pennsylvania, religious tolerance was the law.
Penn welcomed settlers from all faiths to Pennsylvania. Each of the other American colonies had established an official church, but Penn did not. He sought out religious groups suffering in Europe, and invited them to his colony. He even gave some groups land. Yet religious tolerance did not mean that colonists of all faiths had equal rights. Only Christians could vote or hold political office. But all settlers could take part in the social and economic life of Pennsylvania.
Penn’s belief that “Religion and Policy…are two distinct things, have two different ends, and may be fully prosecuted without respect on to the other” took hold and became one of America’s most important ideals.
Representative Government
During Penn’s time, older forms of government such as the “divine right of kings” were slowly giving way to a belief that stressed individual rights. In 1681, Penn crafted a government for Pennsylvania based on these Enlightenment principles. He rejected models of government that forced laws on citizens against their will. Penn emphasized self-government for the people.
In 1696 the Assembly, an elected body of 36 men with power to accept or reject laws, demanded the power to make laws. While Penn disagreed, he nevertheless believed strongly in representative government. So he reluctantly changed the way Pennsylvania was governed. The will of the people was more important to him than his own ideas about government.
Penn’s ideas inspired our nation’s founding fathers. Penn’s vision lives on in the American government’s most important document, the United States Constitution.
Diversity in early Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania quickly became America’s most diverse colony. Lenape Indians lived near the Delaware River. Dutch and Swedish settlers had farmed and traded in the region since the 1620s. During the 1680s, other European settlers arrived at Penn’s invitation. Some of them purchased slaves from Africa or the Caribbean.
Penn needed settlers with many different skills to build his new colony. So he invited people from many backgrounds and classes to Pennsylvania. Some wealthy colonists immediately became leaders in the fledgling colony. Middle-class people worked as free laborers or small businessmen. And members of the “lower sorts” came as indentured servants.
Pennsylvania, from the beginning and by Penn’s design, was a complex society of people of different ethnic, racial, and economic backgrounds. This model of diversity became the basis for the American “melting pot.”
"T<span>wenty states passed laws that enacted segregation laws" would be the best option from the list, since Reconstruction failed in the long run to make sure that the newly-freed blacks were offered true economic opportunity. </span>
