Some Problems in pregnancy are gestational diabetes and hypertension
that is why when pregnant there are a lot of vitamins needed and extra care. Malnutrition
during pregnancy increases your baby's risk of type 2 diabetes, heart disease,
osteoporosis, obesity, breast cancer, chronic kidney failure, infectious
diseases, psychiatric disorders and organ dysfunction.
Answer:
La densidad de población en la escuela José Celestino Mutis se calculará dividiendo el número total de estudiantes por el área de tierra (kilómetros cuadrados). En primer lugar, convertir 1000 metros cuadrados a kilómetros cuadrados, lo que nos da 0.001 kilómetros cuadrados. Así, 2500 dividido por 0.001 kilómetros cuadrados da 2,500,000
Answer:
I dont know what the following are but here:
When a substance changes its state of matter, its atom/molecules eirther slow down or speed up.
Answer:
The correct insulin pathway is described as under:
2. Binding of insulin to the alpha subunit of the insulin receptor
8. Activation of insulin receptor tyrosine kinase
3. Phosphorylation of IRS proteins
6. Phosphorylation of phosphinositide 3-kinase (PI-3K)
4. Conversion of PIP2 to PIP3
7. Activation of PIP3-dependent protein kinase B (PDK1)
5. Glut4 receptors transported to the cell membrane
Explanation:
The insulin signaling pathway is described as under:
RTK (receptor tyrosine kinases) which is a receptor for insulin is an extracellular receptor but in contrast to other cell surface receptors it is catalytic in nature. In the absence of insulin (ligand), it is monomeric but as soon as it gets activated (activation occurs upon ligand binding), it undergo dimerization. It leads to auto-phosphorylation in it's tyrosine residue which subsequently leads to phosphorylation of tyrosine residue of other receptors. Such hyper-phosphorylated receptor have high affinity with enzyme/molecule like IRS protein which have SH2 domain . IRS down stream activates phosphinositide 3-kinase (PI-3K). This enzyme converts component of animal cell membrane PIP2 into PIP3. PIP3 also remains membrane bound but it has the potential to phosphorylate another enzyme named as PIP3-dependent protein kinase B (PDK1). Further, PDK1 leads to the activation of Akt or PK-B. Akt is a serine-threonine kinase which ultimately leads to the recruitment of Glut4 receptors on cell membrane for uptake of more and more glucose into the cell.
Note: Apart from this Akt also phosphorylates another protein named as FOXO which ultimately causes cell growth, Akt can also phosphorylate BAD protein so as to restrict cell apoptosis or we can say it leads to cell survival, Akt also leads to translation in a cell with the help of mTOR raptor etc.
