Answer:
3. practicing non-violence and giving up worldly desires
Explanation:
best evidence i can give you is the four noble truths, the eight-fold path and <em>Siddhartha</em> by Herman Hesse
<u>Chief Joseph</u> was the one who said that quote when nez perce surrendered in 1877.
Chief joseph was mostly known for leading the fight against american government after the land of their ancestors was forcefully taken by them. Over the course of his effort, he realized that the fight took a lot of lives from the tribe members and causing a lot of misery from the loved ones and that quote really represented his feeling over this pain.
I believe the answer is 1990. If you are not sure about my answer just google it.
