Welfare means well-being and with a minimum support.
General welfare is the concept that all people should have some basic quality of life (home, food, security).
In order to ensure this, there is often a "general welfare"clause in the constitution (US has it, but other countries too).
There are several aspects of our modern life that originated in the Judaic faith. For example:
- Judaism was the first monotheistic religion, and it gave rise to Christianity. As Christianity was the dominant religion over much of Europe, and Europe colonized such large territories, the effects of this can be felt almost anywhere in the world.
- Judaism also created the idea of the weekend, through the concept of <em>Shabbat</em>, which is the day of the week in which no work is performed.
- The Torah (the holy text of Judaism) is alone in the Ancient World in claiming that laws apply to everyone equally, regardless of class, race or social status. This concept is important in most codes of law everywhere in the world.
Judaism also remains visible and relevant in the modern world due to the practices of modern Jewish communities who still maintain their traditions alive.
The main reason why people left Italy and traveled to America was poverty brought about by unemployment. The dream of earning enough money to return to Italy and buy lands was a great motivator. The journey of 3,000 miles by ship took almost 3 months. They had to pass through the Ellis Island Immigration Center for mental and physical examinations. After the mental and physical examinations, the migrants were sent to a room where they had to answer 32 questions to establish whether they could enter America. Failure in the examinations would mean separation from their families and deportation back to Italy.
Answer: Conditioned stimulus.
Fear conditioning refers to a learning behaviour in which an aversive stimulus is paired with a neutral stimulus, up to the point in which the neutral stimulus elicits the same response as the aversive one, even when not paired together.
Before the experiences, the doctor was a <u>neutral stimulus</u> because his effect did not depend on previous experience. The <u>aversive stimulus</u> was the shots. The pairing of the doctor with the shots repeatedly elicits the <u>conditional response</u>, which is the crying. It also turns the doctor into a <u>conditioned stimulus</u>.
