Answer:
Guilds: they are medieval association of workers and craftsmen which ensure mutual aid and quality work in a particular production process in which they hold a monopoly acquired from the state.
During the mid-eighteenth century, they became the center of criticism by the followers of free trade who believed that restriction of work by the sate should be ended for a more competitive economic structure. By the mid-nineteenth century, the monopoly of guilds seemed to be disappeared.
The petrochemical industry
a.
turns oil into other products, including gasoline and plastics
Explanation:
The petrochemical industry is based around the use of petroleum products for the making of different types of products
These treatment facilities are responsible for the making of petroleum jellies glycerin to the formation for the natural gas that is treated and then transferred.
It is also responsive for the making of plastic and the treatment of rubber which are by far its biggest businesses.
These products use petroleum as their basic ingredient or use it to treat the product.
A) bc all of them battled at once I'm busy btw can you plz stop asking for help
Because salt was worth as much as gold for what people traded for
The Tanzimat Reforms was the second attempt in the nineteenth century to modernize the government, military, trade, law and society in the Ottoman Empire. The overall goal of these reforms was to have the country catch up with the development reached by European countries in the last couple of centuries. However, the <em>ulema</em>, or religious establishment of the Ottoman Empire objected top these reforms on the basis of their 'infidel' origin.
Even though the Tanzimat reforms were welcomed by the Ottoman society, further political changes were required, such as the the issuing of a constitution and the creation of a parliament to share the political power with the monarchy. The sultan felt the reforms were going too fast and too far, while different groups within the Ottoman society, such as the Young Turks, felt that more was needed and quickly.
As more and more politicians opposing the monarchy became members of the parliament, constituting an effective political opposition counterbalancing the sultan's authority, the sultan ordered its suspension in 1908 leading to the Young Turk Revolution. The next year, the parliament was restored and the basis for the abolition of the monarchy was laid down as local government administrations, which had effectively rejected reforms to a great extent, were mostly replaced by reformist administrations.