The literary device that Gordimer employs in the excerpt is Imagery.
Imagery is a literary device used to represent objects, actions, and ideas in such a way that it appeals to our physical senses. Usually it is thought that imagery makes use of particular words that create visual representation of ideas in our minds.
Answer:
Because of all the money spent & supplies used during the French & Indian war
Explanation:
Kaiser.
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Because the president is over a democracy
