Answer:a. being with others has the potential to reduce the negative impact of the situation.
Explanation: affiliate means to connect to a certain group. Usually when you are stressed you are likely to go partying or meet up with the friends only if you feel that being with them will make you feel a little bit less stressed. If they have there is a potential that they may make things worse you are likely not to affiliate.
Ponyboy felt guilty. He blamed himself for Johnny's fate, and when Johnny died, he took the blame saying he had done the murder or Bob.
Answer:
ethos appeals to validity (proves you are credible), logos appeals to logic and pathos appeals to emotion. All 3 of these rhetorical devices are necessary to write an effective persuasive essay.