Scientists can't tell that an earthquake is a foreshock until the larger earthquake happens. The largest, main earthquake is called the mainshock. Mainshocks always have aftershocks that follow. These are smaller earthquakes that occur afterwards in the same place as the mainshock.
Biotic factors are organisms that interact with non-living & living parts of an ecosystem.
Egs. badgers, worms, fungi, bacteria, insects.
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Holland is the answer to your question