I believe it was Enlightened Despotism
One word that could describe Julius Ceasar (although it's very hard to pick just one) could be "firm". Although Caesar was in many ways far, he did not tolerate weakness.
The downfall of the Babylonian Empire and other societies was partly caused by unwise land-use which resulted in desertification.
Answer:
The old-timer is so tough that he doesn't feel old.
The old-timer has never traveled in the Klondike after fifty below.
The old-timer respects the power of the extreme weather and does not try to challenge it.
Answer:
I think 19 or 18 will be the answer