<span>Religious beliefs have
highly influenced the political and hierarchical structures in both Ottoman and
Safavid Persia empires. Although both states were of Islamic religion, they
belonged to different branches, Sunni and Shia. These branches differ over the
choice of Muhammad's successor, which subsequently acquired broader political
significance, as well as theological and juridical dimensions. Sunni Muslims
believed that Muhammad didn’t clearly appoint a successor, which is why there
isn’t hereditary succession law in Ottoman Empire. This contrasts with the Shia
Muslims view, which holds that Muhammad appointed his son-in-law and cousin Ali
ibn Abi Talib to succeed him. They believed that the empire should be led by
direct successor of Muhammad’s line. Differences between these two branches
affected the politics, as Shia Muslims weren’t religiously tolerant to other
confessions and considered them for heretics, even the other branches of Islam.
This resulted in the besieged of Bagdad, which was followed by the massacre of
a large part of its Sunni Muslim inhabitants, as it was endeavored to transform
Baghdad into a purely Shiite city. The besiege of Bagdad was the event that led
to the Ottoman-Safavid war (1623–1639).</span>
The African empires of Kush and Aksum resembled later empires in Africa as they grew powerful through trade. This is so they began to sell resources and in addition to that handmade woven goods were also produced and sold.
a is the answer to this question and if I am wrong I am so sorry
Germany had to join the league of nations.
Germany had to pay reparations, and in an attempt to pay them off, they mass produced money which lead to inflation and the German money becoming practically worthless.
Germany’s military was majorly downsized in order to prevent another war of arms from them.
Germany’s territories were given to other countries, causing its own territory to become smaller. This is a main reason for why the Germans were angered into causing WWII.
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